Female Body Image and the Mass Media Essay - 1577 Words

From the time they are born, girls are influenced by society as to who they should be, how they should look, and how they should act. Americans believe that women should be to a certain standard; pretty, feminine, and especially, thin. The pressures derive from family, media, and friends. Marge Piercy’s poem, â€Å"Barbie Doll† depicts a girl who was never recognized for her character and spent her life trying to be accepted for who she was, rather than how she looked. We live in a society with rigid gender roles and expectations as to how people are supposed to be, based completely on their sex. (Benokraitis) Women are expected to be the housewife, take care of the kids, and on top of all that they need to look good doing it. Men are the†¦show more content†¦One study took a group of 6th grade girls and had them play with Barbie’s, then later asked them what their views of Barbie were: â€Å"They should make a fat one. They are all so skinny and thats mean to fat people. They are all perfect. They never do anything real in all the books [about Barbie dolls]. I think she does too much. Yeah, they are all perfect [and] its just too much. I always thought Barbie was so cool; [as] I got older, I learned that its impossible to be Barbie. Shes been everywhere, [even] in outer space. Shes the perfect blonde. She has the perfect blue eyes. Shes like everything! If she was a real person she wouldnt be able to walk.† (Tara Kuther) The girls did realize that Barbie’s figure is not realistic since they are now older and felt that Barbie could stand to gain a few pounds. But at a younger age the girls did envy Barbie even though she would be very disproportionate if she were a real person. In Piercy’s poem, â€Å"Barbie Doll† the girl goes through puberty and has a really hard time with it. A classmate tells her she has a big nose and fat legs. It states that nobody noticed that she was healthy and intelligent, they just saw her culturally unacceptable body type. (643) Media is one of the biggest influences on little girls, â€Å"Children 8 to 10 spend about 5.5 hours a day using media.† (Szabo) There are so many influences on T.V. from the shows to commercials, that use sex to sell their product. EvenShow MoreRelatedRepresentation Of The Female Body Image And The Mass Media1586 Words   |  7 PagesREPRESENTATION OF HOW WOMEN PROMOTE EXCERSISE IN NEW ZEALAND MEDIA AND HOW IT AFFECTS FEMALES Female Body Image and the Mass Media: Perspectives on How Women Internalize the Ideal Beauty Standard Representation of women in the media can change the way that the people of New Zealander’s think of themselves. Media has a powerful ability to reach many people and to influence and direct attitudes of our country’s behaviours and knowledge. - Magazines (the representation of kiwi identity they create)Read MoreFemale Body Image and the Mass Media Essay2272 Words   |  10 Pagescompares her body to the image depicted on Self magazine. She starts nitpicking every part of her body. She looks down at her denim clad- thigh and thinks, â€Å"did my thighs and stomach get bigger than they were this morning? â€Å" Influenced by the depiction of the image of Miranda Kerr, she now views her body as inadequate or ugly. Since she feels that her body is not beautiful and has negative thoughts, Emily seems to have negative body image. This perception of her physical appearance is known as body imageRead MoreFemale Body Image and the Mass Media Essay931 Words   |  4 PagesThe media is a fascinating tool; it can deliver entertainment, self-help, intellectual knowledge, information, and a variety of other positive influences; however, despite its advances for the good of our society is has a particular blemish in its physique th at targets young women. This blemish is seen in the unrealistic body images that it presents, and the inconsiderate method of delivery that forces its audience into interest and attendance. Women are bombarded with messages from every media sourceRead MoreAnalysis of Article: â€Å"Influence of Mass Media on Body Image and Eating Disordered Attitudes and Behaviors in Females† by Jordi Fauquet, et al.747 Words   |  3 PagesMass media consists of a range of multimedia technologies that have enhanced our way of communication. The media conveys norms and attitudes that socially construct those who are involved. Inadvertently, the media depicts a widely accepted misconception of personal image. â€Å"Influence of Mass Media on Body Image and Eating Disordered Attitudes and Behaviors in Females† reveals the high correlation between media content and females’ idea of beauty. Although the article does not specify on their intendedRead MoreInfluence of American Mass M edia Ideals on Body Image and Eating Disorders in the U.S1243 Words   |  5 PagesMass media have an enormous impact on society and how people act, especially in developed countries. How do mass media influence views of body image and the development of eating disorders? People living in countries influenced by Western culture show concern for their appearance or dietary habits daily. This paper will analyze the effect of mass media on the issues of body image and eating disorders in the United States. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV-TRRead MoreMass Media s Influence On Society962 Words   |  4 PagesOver the years mass media has become more available and favored by society through avenues such as magazines, television, newspapers, print ads, internet, and including social media. According to U.S. Census Bureau (2007), individuals spend nearly a total of 3,518 hours of their time on mass media outlets. Mass media has become widely popular among individuals, in particularly young adults.73% of U.S adults aged 18–29, have been reported regularly visit at least one of these outlet, and 42% use moreRead MoreMedia s Impact On Media Consumption Essay1729 Words   |  7 Pagesaccess an infinite amount of resources on the internet, 24 hours a day 7 days a week (XXXX). The rapid technological advancements has shifted the consumption of media from television, magazines and billboards to online digital media channels accessed via mobile de vices, creating a ‘bedroom culture’ (Sumner, 2016) for many. The shift in media consumption has particularly been induced by the emergence of Social Networking Sites as well as other online platforms, which have become an integral part ofRead MoreMedia s Effect On Teens986 Words   |  4 PagesThe American media industry generates approximately 600 billion dollars annually through its programming and advertisements. The economic system of the United States and tough market competition have led to a massive media boom, and being the largest industry in the United States in terms of revenue, The media have been successful in corrupting people’s mind, with young teens being the largest group of victims. In the current situation, our economic, social and political decisions are widely beingRead MoreTeenage Girls and Body Image Essay1291 Words   |  6 PagesTeenage girls are at an impressionable time in their lives. Mass Media is a key idea in one of the factors of socialization that become important to teenagers. Teenagers look to the media for a sense of entertainment. Whether it is movies, magazines, or even some aspects of social media, teenagers get a lot of influence from the media’s message. The problem with this is the media has a specific way of doing things and can be negative to a susceptible teenage girl. Media’s way of portraying a womanRead MoreThe Media Responsible For Females Essay1679 Words   |  7 PagesIs the media responsible for females, especially youths, for having low self-esteem and lack of confidence? Is the media responsible for the development of eating behaviours and disorders? In a culture with saturated media, the powerful influence upon women and younger girls is a continuous debate. Females of all ages come under immense pressure from the media, friends, partners and even parents to maintain a great body shape. The body images portrayed in the media can then push a female to go

Essay on Globalization and Human Trafficking - 1957 Words

Trafficking in human beings is now the fastest-growing business of organized crime. Men, women and children are trafficked within their own countries and across international borders. More than one person is smuggled across a border every minute which is the equivalent to ten jumbo jets every single day. And the trade earns twice as much as the Coca Cola brand. (STOP THE TRAFFIK 2014) According to estimates, more than 700,000 people are trafficked every year for the purposes of sexual exploitation and forced labour. They are transported across borders and sold into modern-day slavery. Over the past decade, trafficking in human beings has reached epidemic proportions. No country is immune. Clawson (2009) discusses how the search for†¦show more content†¦Although human trafficking is the fastest growing process by which a person is enslaved, it is also the fastest growing international crime and one of the largest growing incomes for organised crime. It is estimated that at least 12.3 million people are victims of forced labour worldwide. Of these 2.4 million are as a result of human trafficking. Consequently it 1.2 million children are trafficked every year.(STOP THE TRAFFIK 2014) Six hundred thousand to eight hundred thousand men, women and children are trafficked across international borders each year. Approximately eighty percent are women and childre n and up to half of them are minors. Predominantly the vast majority of trafficked people come from the poorest countries and the poorest strata of the national people. Human trafficking is the second largest source of illegal income, being surpassed by drugs trafficking. Some trafficking groups have been reported to be switching their cargo from drugs to human beings, in a search of high profits at a lower risk. (STOP THE TRAFFIK 2014) Trafficking affects every continent and most countries. Every country is affected by human trafficking whether they are an origin country in which people are trafficked from, a transit country where people are trafficked through or a destination where people are trafficked to. (Masika 2007) There are three constituent elements of human trafficking. Firstly the act, such as recruitment, transportation,Show MoreRelatedThe Globalization Of Human Trafficking990 Words   |  4 PagesThis study will define the globalization of human trafficking through the context of the United States as a first world nation and extension of this problematic issue in European nations, such as Russia and in the Baltic region. The first world status of the United States provides a context in which human trafficking has become a major problem when defining domestic markets for criminal organizations. However, the U.S. provides an example of the impact of human trafficking that occurs on a much widerRead MoreGlobalization And Human Sex Trafficking1509 Words   |  7 PagesGlobalisation and Human Sex Trafficking in South Eastern Europe Kerrin Proctor Griffith University Globalisation and Human Sex Trafficking in South Eastern Europe Globalisation has greatly affected the global community in both positive and negative ways. One of the ways in which globalisation has had a negative impact on the global community is through the rise in the number of people who fall victim to human trafficking (Jones, Engstrom, Hilliard Diaz, 2007). Human trafficking is a seriousRead MoreGlobalization Has Created An International Market For Human Trafficking1846 Words   |  8 PagesGlobalization has evolved over the past few hundred years since the Peace of Westphalia created the modern day state system and the idea of sovereignty (Perruci 2). Over this period of time, there have been multiple phases of globalization. Today the world is experiencing globalization 3.0, where goods and services are more mobile than ever before (Perruci 10). This allows the movement of goods and ideas faster than ever before and can be extremely beneficial to the world. However, there is alsoRead MoreHuman Trafficking And The Modern Day Slavery Essa y1006 Words   |  5 Pageswill also discuss the globalization in human trafficking. The study examines the impact of economic globalization on the human trafficking inflows around the world. This paper will begin by providing the definition of what human trafficking and globalization is, and how it works within the context of law enforcement. The history of human trafficking and how human trafficking is effecting societies across the world. This paper will examine supply and demand of human trafficking. Furthermore, this paperRead MoreHuman Trafficking: Searching for a Solution1437 Words   |  6 PagesThailand is very well known for its high proportion of human trafficking. The men and woman are constantly sold for their resources. Labor and prostitution are the most common cases. In Thailand there has been an uprising of human trafficking on the fishing boats or trawlers. On the trawlers many men are forced to work without pay under the impression that they owe money. The men come from neighboring countries of Cambodia and Burma. Among many boats, abuse is a normal practice to keep the men detainedRead MoreThe Causation Of The Modern Slave Trade1646 Words   |  7 Pagesendless reasons that human trafficking exists in modern times. These reasons are not black and white, and have a multitude of contributing factors, cause and effect, and influences. The causation of the modern slave trade is outlined in chapters three, four, and five of the text: Human Trafficking: Interdisciplinary Perspectives, written by Mary C. Burke. Chapter three, titled, â€Å"Sociological Perspective: Underlying Causes† relates sociology to the concept of human trafficking to better understandRead MoreThe Impacts of Globalization on Developing Countries Essays1365 Words   |  6 PagesGlobalization, love it or hate it, but you can’t escape it. Globalization may be regarded as beneficial from an economic and business point of view, but however cannot be perceived the ditto when examined from the social sciences and humanities side of it. Globalization can be argued as a tool for economic growth, advancement and prosperity through co-operation between the developed and developing countries. The pro-globalization critics argue that the benefits that globalization brings to developingRead MoreThe Effects of Globalization on Cambodia Essay888 Words   |  4 PagesGlobalization is defined as the act of creating connections between countries across the globe in terms of culture and economy. Almost on every part of the world, citizens have become a part of the global village. Even though various researches stated that there are negative effects of globalization for particular reasons, the positive impacts were clearly shown to be stronger especially in developing countries such as Cambodia. To begin with, tourist travel is one of the main negative impacts ofRead MoreTrafficking of Humans1152 Words   |  5 PagesIn article 3, paragraph (a) of The Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, human trafficking is defined as the â€Å"recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having controlRead MoreThe United Nations Office On Drugs And Criminal Essay1658 Words   |  7 PagesThe United Nations Office on Drugs and Criminal (UNODC) defines human trafficking as â€Å"the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception , of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. Exploitation shall

Foreign Policy on Pakistan-India Relation Free Essays

An aggressive, liberal and a pro-active foreign policy makes way for improved ties with the nations of the world. Predictably, the regional scenario of South Asia, particularly of the region encompassing the countries of Pakistan, India, Afghanistan, China, Iran, Nepal, Bangladesh and the Central Asian States is likely to remain volatile in the near future. Pakistan is a stakeholder in the scenario and regional instability is inadvertently going to have a decelerating influence on the country road to peace and progress. We will write a custom essay sample on Foreign Policy on Pakistan-India Relation or any similar topic only for you Order Now With Pakistan and Indian’s relation being strengthened via the tools of negotiations ND diplomacy, it can be expected that inter-regional cooperation will be catcalled. Thus, better ties between the two most significant neighbors in the region, Pakistan and India, symbolize enhanced cooperation in the South Asian region on the whole. The document sets out a two-faceted goal, Short-Term and Long-Term and bridges the proposed solutions to the principal issues between Pakistan and India, through a road-map. Cotton is charged at RSI. 108/kilogram; Tariff on the Dairy Products is from 40-60%, Garments are charged at RSI. 85/piece, Agriculture Items at a Tariff of 35%. These rates are generally considered to be unfairly high. [It must be mentioned that Pakistanis high-quality products like Cotton/Lawn Fabric and Bed Linens are in popular demand in the Indian markets] (g) Pakistani exporters complain that India continues to exercise country-specific Imitation Import Barriers in Pakistanis case, (h) India argues that these NTIS (Non- Tariff Barriers) are the same for all of its trading partners, I) Pakistan itself does not have a standardized import regime. Indian exporters, therefore, have to deal with fewer restrictions of product quality and specifications, O) In August 2012, India lifted its ban on Pakistani businessperson to invest in India. Proposed Solution: Trade between Pakistan and India has the potential to reach US $ 10 Billionaire, thus: (a) Pakistan should upgrade its manufacturing industry and improve the value- addition processes of exportable items. Better-Quality products are more likely to have greater access to the Indian markets, (b) Pakistani manufacturers and businessperson are at a disadvantage because Indian exporters have fewer product restrictions in Pakistan while Pakistani exporters have to deal with strict product-quality specifications in India. Pakistan should regulate its import regime and maintain better standards for the quality of import items, (c) Pakistan should urge India to abide by the 3 landmark trade agreements (signed in February 2012) and simplify the following trade requirements: – ) Custom Documentation formalities, – ) Tariff Structure, – ) The whole procedure of obtaining and renewing the Bureau of India Standards (IBIS) License, (d) Pakistan should also urge India to ease the requirement of agricultural permits ND automobile licenses on imports coming from Pakistan, (e) State Bank of Pakistan and Reserve Bank of India should open cross-border branches on the basis of mutual benefits, (f) Both countries should work towards the opening of the Nabob-Cockroach Route (in Kinds, Pakistan) as a feasible trade route, (g) Pakistan and India should finalize liberationists in the Visa Regime, including Multiple-Entry and Greater-Duration Visas for businessperson. Indian Home Ministry has agreed t o relax its previous stance that it will not allow relaxations in the business and civilian visa regime, unless Pakistan takes action against the Iambi 6/11 terrorists], (h) Visa relaxations will help Pakistani rice exporters in learning technical expertise for rice cultivation. Pakistani automobile (specifically tractor industry) and cement industry can have strong potential in Indian markets if Pakistani manufacturers will themselves visit India frequently and explore the market of 1. 2 billion people, (I) The Economic Zone between Karts (Pakistan) and Amorists (India) should be established, O) Pakistan must go ahead with granting the MFC Status to India on 3 conditions: – ) That Pakistan will maintain a well-prepared ‘Sensitive List’ for items which can not be imported from India. This will ensure the safeguard of Pakistanis local industry, – ) That India will reciprocate by reducing its ‘Sensitive List’ on items which can not be imported from Pakistan, including tariff relaxations on Pakistanis Textile, – ) That India should lift its ban from Indian investors on investing in Pakistan. (II) SIR CREEK Out of all other bilateral disputes between Pakistan and India, the Sir Creek Dispute can be expected to have a relatively quick solution. The settlement of this dispute can be used as an important Confidence-Building Measure to build on to resolve other pending disputes. Sir Creek is a 96 km strip of water. It is made up of marshes which makes it water-logged for most of the year. It runs in the Ran of Ketch area. The Ran of Ketch area lies between the south of Kinds in Pakistan and the State of Gujarat in India. Historical evidence (specifically the 1908 Imperial Gazetteer of India) clearly indicates that during the British Rule in India, the Ran of Ketch was part of Kinds. Later, when India was partitioned in 1947, Kinds became a part of Pakistan (therefore Sir Creek also became a part of Pakistan). According to Paragraphs 9 and 10 of the ‘1914 Bombay Resolution’ (which was signed teen the Government of Bombay and the Ruler of Ketch), the ‘Green Line’ as indicated in the map clearly demarcated the boundaries of Sir Creek and included the whole of it in Kinds. India then argued that from the technical aspect, the ‘Green Line’ is not a boundary but Just an ‘indication of a boundary. India claimed that the boundary of Sir Creek lies manhandle into the water and that exactly half of Sir Creek is part of India. To validate this claim, India endorses the ‘Thales Principle’. In 1965, Indian forces unfairly attempted to seize Sir Creek because India wanted to establish its naval base n the Gulf of Ketch. As a result, India gained control off part of Sir Creek. When the prospect of important mineral resources (oil/gas) was discovered in the subsurface of Sir Creek, Pakistan and India became more serious about their respective claims. Both countries now realize that if they loose one kilometer of Sir Creek on ground, it would subsequently mean a loss of hundreds of square nautical miles of the resourceful economic zone under-water. Indian’s current stance is that boundaries should first be marked under-water and according to the under-water boundaries, the land boundaries shall be demarcated. Pakistanis current stance is to first demarcate on the ground and then under-water. Pakistan wants the adoption of the 1914 Bombay Resolution. Pakistan was willing to invite international arbitration because it believes it has a strong case. But India always wanted to keep this issue bilateral. Proposed Solution-1914 Bombay Resolution: (a) Indian’s endorsement of ‘Thales Principle’ is not applicable in the case of Sir Creek because Sir Creek is Water-logged and not navigable’ for most part of the year. The Thales Principle holds applicable only for navigable areas. (b) The demarcation of land boundaries shall be done first. The demarcation of the under-water maritime boundaries will then follow. (c) Indian’s unreasonable argument that demarcation shall first be done under-water will have to be countered. Hydrosphere from both Pakistan and India have declared that environmental changes have occurred over the years and it is not possible anymore to distinguish between territorial waters without demarcating the land area first. D) During the process of demarcation, the ‘1991 Pakistan-India Agreement on Advance Notice on Military Exercises, Maneuvers and Troop Movement’ will be strictly followed by both sides to ensure peace along the coastline of Sir Creek. E) After demarcating Sir Creek, both countries will submit their respective boundary limits to the ‘Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLC). The CLC will consider and evaluate the data submitted by each country. (f) Here, Pakistan will automatically have a stronger case because according to the rules of CLC, India can not mention Sir Creek as a part of its continental shelf in the documents which it will submit to CLC. (g) 3 factors will further strengthen Pakistanis case. First, Sir Creek was a major water distributors of River Indus and Pakistan has an undisputed right over River Indus. Second, the ‘Green Line’ shown in the maps of 1914 Bombay Resolution clearly brings Sir Creek in Pakistanis territorial domain. Third, the tail of Sir Creek terminates in Baden which is a district in Pakistan. (h) Pakistanis claims are very strong and it is very likely that the CLC will eventually favor Pakistan. According to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLES), both countries are time-bound to resolve this dispute because unless this dispute is resolved, neither side will be eligible to exploit their respective Exclusive Economic Zones in the sea. (Ill) PRISONERS The settlement of Sir Creek Dispute can be followed with another important Confidence-Building Measure. The area of Sir Creek is concentrated with fishermen. Since territorial borders in water (and on land) are not properly marked, fishermen from both sides end up mistakenly trespassing into each other’s territorial waters. They are then arrested. The laws which are used by Pakistan and India to govern their seas and arrest these fishermen have not been conformed by UNCLES. Pakistani fishermen are arrested by India under the ‘Maritime Zones of India Acts, 1976 and 1981’. India is a signatory of he UNCLES but its maritime zone acts do not conform to the United Nations Convention on Law of the Seas (UNCLES). The Pakistan Maritime Security Agency (AMPS) and the Indian Coast Guard (ICC) shall resume the negotiations which were called off after the Iambi attacks. These negotiations will ensure: a. That whenever Pakistani fishermen are detained in India, the Indian maritime agencies will immediately inform the Pakistani maritime agencies and vice versa. B. That the ships and boats of the detained Pakistani fishermen will be handed over to the Pakistani maritime agency by the Indian maritime agencies and vice versa. Two concrete steps can be taken: a. Joint Judicial Commission on Prisoners, 2007: Recommendations of this Commission (which was constituted by both governments and comprises of 4 superior retired Judges from each side) must be given immediate consideration and implemented. This Joint commission (if adequately empowered) can almost resolve the issue of prisoners. B. Agreement of Counselor Access, 2008: Under this Agreement, prisoners (in both, Pakistan and India) must be provided access to a Counselor immediately after being arrested. The major role of the counselor is to verify the nationality of the prisoner. This process, however, often gets delayed unnecessarily. Often, this delay is from the country to which the prisoner belongs. Interior/Home Ministries, Foreign/External Ministries and the High Commissions of Pakistan and India must therefore promptly strive to avoid any delays in the verification of the nationality of their respective citizens present in each other’s Jails. In June 2012, Pakistan released 311 Indian fishermen. There are 21 deaf, mute and mentally unstable Pakistani prisoners in Indian Jails. These prisoners have also completed their sentences. The Indian Supreme Court is coking into the matter of their release but it is encountering a lot of technical hurdles. Likewise, there are 18 Pakistani Prisoners of War (of 1965 and 1971) still in Indian jails. The next round of talks between the Foreign Ministers of the two countries is expected from September 7 to 9 (2012). There, the return of these 39 prisoners should be a top priority on Pakistanis agenda. If the Sir Creek issue is resolved, it becomes a moral binding on both parties to simultaneously release ALL those prisoners, who were arrested on the charges of ‘Mistaken Trespassing’. THE WATER ISSUE Between the two countries, it is India which is the upper-riparian state. And therefore, in this case it is India which is required to take sensible decisions to protect our peace negotiations from untimely termination. [The Water ‘Issue’ must not be treated as a ‘Dispute’ because calling it a dispute will have its own repercussions. The solution is already in place in the form of ‘Indus Water Treaty, 1960’ and only a re-interpretation of the treaty is required] The ISSUE: (a) sass’s Indus Water Treaty gave 3 western rivers to Pakistan. India was allowed to use some water from these 3 rivers before they enter into Pakistan. B) India was permitted to use the water for hydrophone generation. The condition was that Indian usage must not alter the natural timing of flow and the quantity of these waters as they enter Pakistan. C) With Indian hydrophone projects, the only concern for Pakistan is the timing of flow because hydrophone does not ‘consume’ water so the quantity remains unaltered. The timing o f the flow is critically important for agriculture in Pakistan. (d) In the 1960 Treaty, India was only allowed limited water storage. This was applied to all the dams which India will build on Jelled and Chance. E) The problem began with the installation of ‘physical gates’. India was allowed to install these gates to flush out the silt/waste (coming from glaciers), but India began using it to unfairly ‘stop’ and unfairly ‘release’ water into Pakistan. (f) The problem will get more severe when India will complete the construction of Bursar Dam, Shanghaiing Dam, Peaceful Dam, Kowalski Dam, Deal Hustle Dam. In case India decides to go for ‘Cumulative Storage’ or ‘Cumulative Release’ of water from these dams, Pakistan will be completely vulnerable to mass destruction (which was allegedly the case with the 2010 floods). Words of John Brioche (World Banks Senior Water Advisor and Neutral Expert on Baggier Dam case) must be cited for reference : He says, â€Å"A Journalist colleague in Delhi told me that the Indus Treaty is considered an integral part of Kashmir and when it comes to Kashmir, the Indian Ministry of External Affairs instructs newspapers on what they can and cannot say, and often tells them explicitly what it is they are to say†. Proposed Solution-Negotiations and Negotiations: Pakistan will have to diplomatically assert the right amount of pressure on India for the re-interpretation of the 1960 Indus Water Treaty. Right amount of pressure’ on India can be exerted by Pakistan in the form of legal hurdles and calls for international arbitration for Indian power projects being built on rivers Jelled and Chance. If the two countries can keep ego aside, there can be numerous ways in which the 1960 Treaty can be implemented to benefit both sides. A Joint monitoring system can also be formulated to ensure timely discharge of water from India to Pakistan. But this is only possible when relations are more cordial and more trust has been developed on both sides. In fact, India has the potential to ‘increase’ this flow during difficult planting seasons n Pakistan. This is not an unrealistic suggestion. India does have this potential and can do it without effecting its own power generation. But focuses, this can only be made possible when relations between both countries are friendlier. Joint Power Projects (a) Indian’s power outage of 31st July 2012 affected 670 Million Indian citizens, and has considerably reduced the Foreign Direct Investment coming to India. (b) This scenario can trigger further collaborations and can get India on board for the Iran-Pakistan Gas Pipeline Project. (c) USA is particularly interested to normalize relations between Pakistan and India so hat Pakistan can retreat its forces from its Eastern border and redeploy them on the Western borders along Afghanistan. D) On the other hand, why India is reluctant to rejoin the Iran-Pakistan Gas Pipeline Project (which was called Iran-Pakistan-India Gas Pipeline Project until India backed of is because India is a close ally of the USA and the USA did not want India to be a part of this project because of its own concerns with Iran’s nuclear program. (e) But now, Pakistan can seek an advantage from USA. (f) Pakistan shall diplomatically convey this to America that the Iran-Pakistan Gas Pipeline Project is very essential, not only to address the acute power shortage in both Pakistan and India but also very specifically to enhance developmentalcollaboration between the two countries. (g) After this, it will be America’s call to realize that it must not continue to become an unfair player between Pakistan and India. Assuming that USA decides to stop exerting pressure on India, it will then entirely be Indian’s decision whether or not to pursue the Iran-Pakistan Gas Pipeline Project. H) After the episode of Indian’s biggest power failure (dated July 31 , 2012), chances are hat India will now be willing to resume talks on the IP Gas Pipeline Project. (I) Also, India aspires to become the regional power-house of South Asia and in the long term, it aspires to out-do China in this quest. If India actually aspires to become the regional power, it should start acting like one and must play its part in enhancing regional collaborations. This, is another reason why India should be more willing to pursue the IP Gas Pipeline Project. KASHMIR Kashmir Stance: In the words of Mir WAIS Muar Faro (Chairman All Parties Hurray Conference), â€Å"Kashmir is not a bilateral issue between Pakistan and India, but a trilateral one which also involves the people of Kashmir†. SELF Momma Kashmir Liberation Front) Chairman Yak’s Mali believes that the option of a deep freeze (that is, to freeze the matter in its current position for a few years before relations become stronger between Pakistan and India) is not feasible, without stopping the Indian operation in the Indian-occupied Kashmir. India can not afford to ‘deep-freeze’ the matter because of the suspicion that the freedom movement will take over as soon as the Indian operation is stopped. Three-e-Hurray Chairman Seed All Shah Gelling strongly advocates Kashmir ‘Right of Self-Determination’ and purports Kashmir alliance with Pakistan. However, he once said: â€Å"Pakistan has morally, diplomatically and politically supported the struggle of the people of Jam Kashmir, but this does not mean Pakistan can take a decision on our behalf†. APPC (All Parties Hurray Conference) Chairman Miramar Muar Faro demands: a) ‘Armed Forces Special Powers Act (PAPPAS, 1990)’ shall be repealed (UN has called it ‘A Violation of International Law and has asked India to revoke it), b) Indian troops shall be withdrawn from populated areas of the Valley, c) Political Detainees shall be leased, if India wants a peaceful resolution of the dispute. International Community Stance: The International Community wants to resolve the dispute of Kashmir because it sees it as a threat to regional stability in South Asia if two nuclear states, Pakistan and India, are involved in such a tense dispute and are not engaging in economic collaborations with each other. Indian’s Stance: India has a two-fold agenda on Kashmir: a) Propagate that unrest in Kashmir is basically ‘Pakistanis Proxy War’ and Pakistan is logistically supporting the Kashmir Freedom Fighters, ) Make the Line of Control (LoC) the international border between Pakistan and India. India is intelligently floating the LoC-Solution in the international community; U. S and U. K are also supporting Indian’s stance as the ultimate solution for Kashmir. By proposing the LoC-Solution, India is suggesting that both Pakistan and India should enjoy sovereignty over their respective part of Kashmir and that the Kashmir people can be allowed to travel between both parts more freely. Proposed Solution-plebiscite: (l) If Pakistan wishes to avoid the situation in which the International Community egging exercising diplomatic pressure on Pakistan to accept the Indian formula to settle the Kashmir Dispute, it must come up with more realistic alternatives that take into consideration the popular demands of the people of Kashmir. (II) Pakistan believes that the main issue is not the territorial control’ of the land of Kashmir but the ‘right of self-determination’ of the Kashmir people. Pakistan should continue to advocate this stance. (Ill) Pakistan should use the global forums to remind its international partners that Indian forces deployed in Kashmir, are violating the very basic human rights by imaging in acts of rape and child molestation. ‘V) Pakistan should also use the global forums to remind its international partners that so far, the Indian Government has been unable to get any political set-up accepted by the Kashmir people. (V) Paki stan should reiterate its support for the All Parties Hurray Conference (APPC) as the most prominent representation of the Kashmir people. Pakistan should also remind the international community that the APPC comprises not only of Islamic fundamentalists but also of liberal and progressive factions like Jam Kashmir Liberation Front GOLF) and the Miami Action Committee. VI) Pakistan strongly condemns Indian’s accusations that the Kashmir freedom struggle is sponsored by Pakistan. In order to counter these allegations, we invite Indian’s consent on requesting the United Nations to deploy more international observers along the Line of Control. (VI’) Pakistan should counter Indian’s LoC-Solution by terming it a ‘military solution which does not serve the purpose of the freedom movement. Pakistan believes that even after LoC is made the international border between Pakistan and India, the Kashmir people will not stop their freedom struggle. (VI†) Series of Bilateral Trilateral Talks: Pakistan should be proactive in the current on-going negotiations between Islamabad and Delhi and should diplomatically ensure that these talks do not come to any momentary halts. Pakistan believes that time is of essence and the bilateral dialogue with India should not be allowed to be influenced and stopped by other factors that govern the relation between the two countries. (a) Pakistan would like to begin the Series with Secretary-Level Talks between the Foreign Secretaries, and then, the Defense Secretaries of the two countries. (b) The Indian Government shall commit to freeze the military operation in the Unanticipated Kashmir for the duration of this Series. (c) The next level of talks will include the Political Leadership (Government + Opposition) of Pakistan, of India and of Kashmir. (d) To ensure the true representation of the people of Kashmir, an election shall be conducted under international monitoring, to choose the political leadership from all states of Jam Kashmir. This political leadership will then represent the territory at the negotiation table. (e) Pakistan strictly reaffirms that it will simply not entertain any third-party other than the United Nations, for the role of a mediator between Pakistan and India. In the unlikely scenario that India proposes to invite the U. S on board as the thirdly, Pakistan will rule it out by proposing the name of China. Pakistanis argument is that the U. S is not a neutral choice because it already favors Indian’s LoC-Solution on the matter and has greater strategic interests with India. China, on the other hand, is the regional power-house and is a greater share-holder in South Asia. Chances are, that India will not agree to the name of China. Eventually, in case of a deadlock, both parties will retreat to the name of United Nations] (XX) Pakistanis principal stance is to vive the Right of Self Determination to Kashmir people via a Plebiscite. This stance will be achieved by implementing UN Resolution 47, according to which: (a) Pakistan will withdraw its nationals (if any) from Kashmir, (b) India will withdraw the excessive military personals from Kashmir, (c) UN observers will be deployed to ensure that withdrawal from both sides, is of a reasonable proportion, (d) Once the withdrawal process is completed, the ‘Owen Dixon Model’ will be adopted. This model divides Kashmir into 2 zones: – ) Kashmir Valley + Muslim Areas of Jam + Muslim Areas of Ladder + Muslim Areas of Cargill, – ) Remaining Districts of Jam, Ladder and Lee. (e) Once the Owen Dixon Model is adopted, Plebiscite can be conducted under United Nation’s trusted supervision. The people will vote either in favor of Pakistan or India, (f) A 3rd option of ‘Complete Independence’ can be included in the Plebiscite. [This option is favored by some Kashmir freedom parties, like Manually Khan’s SELF. However, both Pakistan and India are reluctant about the inclusion of this option because that will ignite demands of independence from various areas within India How to cite Foreign Policy on Pakistan-India Relation, Papers

IT Project Management Techniques Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthe

Question: Discuss about the IT Project Management PMP Techniques. Answer: Introduction An organization can be defined as a group of professionals that work together towards achieving a specific business goal. An organization mainly deals with the operations for achieving a specific business goal. In order to achieve that goal, the organization conducts certain projects that have different targets and deliverables. Hence, the organization is responsible for the selection of project management tools needed to conduct and manage a project. Project management is a process through which a specific project is managed within the limits of certain conditions and guidelines in order to ensure the success of the project (Boud, Cohen Sampson, 2014). The PMBOK has explained the roles of the organizations in the implementation of project management techniques that are being deployed to achieve success in the project. According to the PMBOK, the success of the projects depends on the project management techniques used by the organization. An association requires a strong data frame work (IS, Information System) to give a superior support of its clients. Scientists characterize a data framework as the methods by which individuals and associations, using innovations, assemble, prepare, store, utilize and scatter data. The consistent augmentation of the possibility approach is that each case is exceptional. In this report, the PMBOK is critically analyzed in order to analyze different aspects of project management using PMP techniques. Critical Analysis of PMP Project management is a process through which a specific project is managed within the limits of certain conditions and guidelines in order to ensure the success of the project. The PMBOK has explained the roles of the organizations in the implementation of project management techniques that are being deployed to achieve success in the project. According to the PMBOK, the success of the projects depends on the project management techniques used by the organization. Encouraging visions of Project Management as another logical mission of revelation is genuinely undermined by a scope of advancements in the logic of information and social investigations of science and innovation (Burke, 2013). According to the PMBOK, an organization can be defined as a group of professionals that work together towards achieving a specific business goal. An organization mainly deals with the operations for achieving a specific business goal. In order to achieve that goal, the organization conducts certain projects that have different targets and deliverables. Hence, the organization is responsible for the selection of project management tools needed to conduct and manage a project. Organization According to the PMBOK, an organization can be defined as a group of professionals that work together towards achieving a specific business goal. An organization mainly deals with the operations for achieving a specific business goal. In order to achieve that goal, the organization conducts certain projects that have different targets and deliverables. Hence, the organization is responsible for the selection of project management tools needed to conduct and manage a project. Project management is a process through which a specific project is managed within the limits of certain conditions and guidelines in order to ensure the success of the project (Heagney, 2016). The PMBOK has explained the roles of the organizations in the implementation of project management techniques that are being deployed to achieve success in the project. According to the PMBOK, the success of the projects depends on the project management techniques used by the organization. Encouraging visions of Project M anagement as another logical mission of revelation is genuinely undermined by a scope of advancements in the logic of information and social investigations of science and innovation. Researchers contend powerfully that objects of information do not comprise of a "quiet, self-encased truth"; rather, a protest of learning is constituted by "every one of that was said in every one of the announcements that named it, separated it up, portrayed it, clarified it, followed its advancements, demonstrated its different connections, passed judgment on it" (Hornstein, 2015). This turns around the underestimated request of occasions; as opposed to a talk developing in view of the presence of a question of intrigue, it is contended rather that the talk brings the protest into reality. In this light, the investigation of activities and of their administration is not an issue of disclosure, it is one of creation. Since The Archeology of Knowledge, it has turned out to be progressively hard to keep up that objects of various types go before the rise of a field of study; rather, it is contended that objects of information are built by and through the making of an assortment of learning. In the place of a plainly obvious "project" to be investigated, we are keen on the continuous rambling development of what is to be comprehended and acknowledged as 'the Project' (Snyder, 2014). Numerous writings and archives in the field of Project Management, from course books and manuals to scholastic articles, are accordingly ensnared in this naturalization, connecting with both unequivocally and certainly in the reification of the project. Analysts briefly characterize reification as "the misgiving of the results of human movement as though they were an option that is other than human items". To condense the establishment of the part, then, as opposed to asking, "what is a project?", specialists would suggest the conversation starter in these terms: "What do we do when we call something 'a project'?". From this viewpoint, the crucial stride in the formation of a teach is the "naturalization" of the protest around which it is based as an all inclusive and unavoidable question; in this way Project Management depends upon the naturalization of 'the project' itself as both concentration and raison d'tre. Numerous parts of the level headed discussion inside Project Management in this manner show what the analysts depict as the marvel of 'false solidness'. Management and Technical Approach An association requires a solid data framework (IS) to give a superior support of its clients. Scientists characterize a data framework as the methods by which individuals and associations, using innovations, assemble, prepare, store, utilize and scatter data. The consistent augmentation of the possibility approach is that each case is exceptional. This is in similitude to association's business objectives and prerequisites. As per project administration scientists, Contingency hypothesis is a behavioral hypothesis that claims that there is no most ideal approach to arrange or oversee associations and their structures (Turner, 2014). It is without a doubt, to outline an authoritative structure that can deal with vulnerabilities in nature, viably and proficiently. The hypothesis holds that the best hierarchical basic outline is the place the structure fits possibilities. In any case, there are difficulties to these convictions, which some of them are hypothetical, while some are obser vational. The difficulties impact and effect improvement, execution and administration of data frameworks and advances. These difficulties could show to be empowering influences or requirements through hypothetical and methodological developments. As per scientists, achievement or disappointment of an IS inside an association is the fit which comes about because of the framework plan and the association's execution. On the off chance that this is valid, then administration can be honed just by instinct and judgment, subsequently discrediting the estimation of earlier learning and astuteness. Each case is viewed as one of a kind until speculation is utilized. Accordingly, every single case must be examined independently, inside setting. It is hence important that every association comprehends the connection amongst fit and loner before embracing a data framework. Many IS studies utilize the model from the viewpoint of PMP by IT scientists (Verzuh, 2015). Both hypothetical and methodo logical developments constitute openings, in inspecting through the viewpoint of the possibility hypothesis, in its attention on authority. The ideal association or initiative style is dependent upon different interior and outer empowering agents and limitations. This is credited to the way that center segments, individuals, process and innovation are distinctive, starting with one anticipate then onto the next. A few associations want to receive a solitary standard for all or resulting projects. Possibility hypothesis enables associations to cooperate by de-underscoring a "one size fits all" attitude for overseeing projects. The best possible fit to an association empowers the operation of IS to fulfill its customer's prerequisites. As per analysts, IS gives diverse advantages to the association, for example, enhancing profitability, development and cost funds. IS must be lined up with the authoritative structure to fulfill the previously mentioned benefits (Leach, 2014). As per sc ientists, there is nobody most ideal method for sorting out or driving, and that a hierarchical or authority style that is compelling in one circumstance may not be fruitful in other. Despite the fact that this contention was set up long prior, things continue as before. Possibility hypothesis can change how data frameworks and advancements are overseen amid improvement, execution and administration, since it presents the idea that nobody administration approach will work for each situation or project. Each project that an association starts may profit by the utilization of an alternate administration and specialized approach or a mix of methodologies. The fit between the authoritative structure and IS including system, improves the execution of any association. The PMP is in the class of behavioral hypotheses, which keep up that what is best for one association won't not work for the others. The PMP approach concentrates on a hierarchical structure that suits an association inside a specific situation (Schwalbe, 2015). Possibility hypothesis clarifies hierarchical execution at various levels, which will upgrade or lessen execution. Noticeable project administration specialists clarify that inside the possibility hypothesis "the span of the association could clarify numerous attributes of its structure". Work to Perform In small-scale projects that do not have stable IT frameworks to catch and look after information, persistent reviewing will not be a suitable choice. In any case, for extensive scale projects with numerous related parts, execution of nonstop inspecting can fundamentally enhance the review proficiency and project execution. The creators trust that the investment funds accumulated from the discovery of wasteful aspects, botches, and conceivable misrepresentation will be generous if nonstop reviewing is utilized. Moreover, once the underlying speculations on PMP are made future project administration reviews can be performed with a great deal less cost and upgraded quality and speed contrasted with the conventional examining (Verzuh, 2015). The model introduced in the PMBOK has been approved in a few genuine tasks in different businesses. For instance, in a transportation project the consistent reviewing model could diminish the project observing and special case announcing time from 2 18 hours in four quarters to around 8 hours with an expected cost funds of $56,700. So also, in a money related administrations organization, the utilization of nonstop inspecting model in corporate budgetary project evaluated to bring about 4 million dollars in cost reserve funds over a four year time frame. The proposed show has been effectively tried in money related administrations fields by the researchers in the field off project management. PMP has numerous applications in expansive scale extend in an assortment of associations and fields, for example, money related administrations, transportation, medicinal services, fabricating, and even development (Verzuh, 2015). Extend administration works that need to screen different project exercises consistently can profit by PMP. While constant evaluating has been utilized widely in the inspecting writing, to the best of the learning of the writers, it has not been utilized as a part of the project administration field. Be that as i t may, ceaseless inspecting has numerous applications in the project administration field, for example, for in a split second acquiring information and giving an account of material value change, cost execution estimation, assurance of material cost fluctuations owing to the overabundance utilization of material, recognizing irreconcilable circumstance, distinguishing parts and planning clashes, and so on. Schedule Project Management includes onetime attempts that interest for hitting the nail on the head the first run through. Then again, project scheduling, being a standout amongst the most demonstrated project administration handle stages, still faces a wide hole from hypothesis to hone. Requesting computational models and their ensuing call for improvement, occupy the usage of such models in project administration apparatuses from the genuine everyday project administration prepare. In all actuality, this approach has been much of the time utilized, by project chiefs in an impromptu way. Uncommon concentration is being made to the heartiness of the produced extend plans confronting the inescapability of instability. A "simple" way out is to include, pretty much cunningly computed, time cushions that dependably result in project span increment and correspondingly, in cost (Mir Pinnington, 2014). The blend of such way to deal with late advances in displaying asset designation and booking met hods to adapt to the expanding adaptability in assets, as can be communicated in "Adaptable Resource Constraint Project Scheduling Problem" (FRCPSP) plans, ought to be a promising line of research to produce more sufficient project administration instruments. A superior way to deal with manage vulnerability is by all accounts to investigate slack that may be available in a given project plan, a fortiori when a non-ideal timetable is utilized. Then again, extend chiefs and their groups confront expanding challenges as undertakings turn out to be more unpredictable (due to, for instance, expanding mechanical advancement, multidisciplinary and globalization) alongside expanding competiveness (again globalization by and large assumes a vital part here) frequently infers a very much characterized and conferred from the earlier cost and conveyance date. In this situation, extend supervisors confront, appropriate from the beginning, the test to adjust the degree time-cost extend triangle where time and cost "can't" go astray from the settled upon qualities however the extension grasps/incorporates an entire arrangement of vulnerabilities (Marcelino-Sdaba et al., 2014). All meanings of a Project (PMBOK) normally concur that it is an onetime attempt intending to come to a predefined objective or all the more for the most part, an arrangement of objectives. Thusly, it is basic that the project group and, all the more especially the project supervisor, have the fundamental abilities as well as the best apparatuses to help them taking care of business the first run through. Budget An ordinary depiction of the project supervisor objective is ''to convey a project to finish on time, inside the spending cost, and to meet the arranged execution or final result objectives''. This generally held perspective of the project chief undertaking depends on the presumption that the execution or finished result objectives are constantly certain and all around characterized ahead of time. All the project chief needs to do is to set up a strong project arrange and take after this arrangement the distance to achievement. In spite of the fact that there are some that claim that an excessive amount of arranging can reduce the innovativeness of the project group, there is no contention that no less than a base level of arranging is required (Verzuh, 2015). Truth be told, despite the fact that arranging does not ensure extend achievement, absence of arranging will presumably ensure disappointment. Nevertheless, there are many situations where activities are executed as arranged, o n time, on spending plan, budget and accomplish the arranged execution objectives, yet end up being finished disappointments since they neglected to create genuine advantages to the client or sufficient income and benefit for the performing association. Conclusion In this report, the PMBOK is critically analyzed in order to analyze different aspects of project management using PMP techniques. Project management is a process through which a specific project is managed within the limits of certain conditions and guidelines in order to ensure the success of the project. The PMBOK has explained the roles of the organizations in the implementation of project management techniques that are being deployed to achieve success in the project. According to the PMBOK, the success of the projects depends on the project management techniques used by the organization. Encouraging visions of Project Management as another logical mission of revelation is genuinely undermined by a scope of advancements in the logic of information and social investigations of science and innovation. Researchers contend powerfully that objects of information do not comprise of a "quiet, self-encased truth"; rather, a protest of learning is constituted by "every one of that was sa id in every one of the announcements that named it, separated it up, portrayed it, clarified it, followed its advancements, demonstrated its different connections, passed judgment on it". An ordinary depiction of the project manager objective is ''to convey a project to finish on time, inside the spending cost, and to meet the arranged execution or final result objectives''. This generally held perspective of the project chief undertaking depends on the presumption that the execution or finished result objectives are constantly certain and all around characterized ahead of time. All the project chief needs to do is to set up a strong project arrange and take after this arrangement the distance to achievement. In spite of the fact that there are some that claim that an excessive amount of arranging can reduce the innovativeness of the project group, there is no contention that no less than a base level of arranging is required. Truth be told, despite the fact that arranging does not ensure extend achievement, absence of arranging will presumably ensure disappointment. References Beringer, C., Jonas, D., Kock, A. (2013). Behavior of internal stakeholders in project portfolio management and its impact on success.International Journal of Project Management,31(6), 830-846. Boud, D., Cohen, R., Sampson, J. (Eds.). (2014).Peer learning in higher education: Learning from and with each other. Routledge. Burke, R. (2013). Project management: planning and control techniques.New Jersey, USA. Dwivedula, R., Bredillet, C. N., Mller, R. (2015). The relation between work motivation and project management success in case of temporary organizations: theoretical lenses. Heagney, J. (2016).Fundamentals of project management. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. Hornstein, H. A. (2015). The integration of project management and organizational change management is now a necessity.International Journal of Project Management,33(2), 291-298. Joslin, R., Mller, R. (2015). Relationships between a project management methodology and project success in different project governance contexts.International Journal of Project Management,33(6), 1377-1392. Kerzner, H. (2013).Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Leach, L. P. (2014).Critical chain project management. Artech House. Marcelino-Sdaba, S., Prez-Ezcurdia, A., Lazcano, A. M. E., Villanueva, P. (2014). Project risk management methodology for small firms.International Journal of Project Management,32(2), 327-340. Mir, F. A., Pinnington, A. H. (2014). Exploring the value of project management: linking project management performance and project success.International Journal of Project Management,32(2), 202-217. Schwalbe, K. (2015).Information technology project management. Cengage Learning. Snyder, C. S. (2014). A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge: PMBOK () Guide. Project Management Institute. Turner, J. R. (2014).The handbook of project-based management(Vol. 92). New York, NY: McGraw-hill. Verzuh, E. (2015).The fast forward MBA in project management. John Wiley Sons. Walker, A. (2015).Project management in construction. John Wiley Sons.

Sociology Families free essay sample

Presentation Is this really true, are afro-Caribbean families dysfunctional. In addressing this point, I will examine the sociology theorist Michael Garfield smith. Smith believed that European family’s norms and values are important in one way or another to the assimilation process and plays a major role in the afro- Caribbean families. He argued that the plantation destroyed African culture and he saw the plantation as the basis on which the Caribbean family structure was formed. Smith had no doubt that the experience of previous generations on plantation has no doubt influenced the way in which subsequent generations were socialized, but he argues that over time families adjust to the present social conditions. European family norms was based mainly the nuclear family, but for afro-caribbean families there are several other types of families. These other types of afro- Caribbean families should be viewed as dysfunctional because it is not of what the European family norms consist of. We will write a custom essay sample on Sociology Families or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The other types of afro-caribbean family structures are: The matrifocal family- The emergence and functioning of African slave  families was adverse to the objectives of the plantation. Family units of the slaves were very often  broken up  and males were often sold to other plantations far away while the mother and her child  were left to survive as a  unit. On the other hand, there are other factors, however, which contributed to matrifocality in the contemporary Caribbean. These include migration, imprisonment of males, crime, and male marginalization. On  the issue of male marginalization; the male on the plantation could not own property and had no family rights. Hence the marginalization of the male in the Afro-Caribbean family started on the plantation and was further influenced by the aforementioned factors in the  modern era. * The visiting union- This is a frequent occurrence in the Caribbean it is domestic unit of a woman and her children. Here the mother and her children live apart of the father but may be visited but may be visited by a mann which the mother shares a relationship with. * The common law unit- Similar to the nuclear family, however it is an ongoing bond that without legal marriage. Here the spouses are committed to each other sexually and raise children in a stable relationship.

Absolutism and Louis 14 essays

Absolutism and Louis 14 essays Absolutism and Louis XIV Louis XIV of France had had both a long and powerful reign on the throne. He was able to achieve this due to the development of absolutism in France. Absolutism is defined as the political idea that absolute power should be vested in a single ruler. The whole idea of absolutism originally came from philosopher Jean Bodin in the 16th Century. Louis ¹ absolutism developed with four major parts: The breeding of a strong and controlled military, The building of Versailles to control the nobility, The selling of nobility, and The appointed of an advisor. The first step to the creation of Louis ¹ absolutism was the building of the military. Louis made war an activity of the state. He made sure all armed persons in France fought only for him. Much of this idea that law and force within a country should be monopolized by the lawful king came from Bishop Bossuet. This idea led to domestic peace. Louis also put the artillery organically into the army, systematized the military rankings and grades, and clarified the chain of command, putting himself at the top. The government also supervised recruiting and took most of the responsibility for equipping, provisioning, clothing, and housing the troops. Louis also established civilian administration in military. Under Louis, the army went from about 100,000 soldiers to about 400,000. The military made many gains under Louis, thus helping him gain absolutism. Louis built Versailles as both a relaxing and entertaining place for himself, and to disable the nobles and gain an edge in absolutism. Louis demanded that nearly half of France ¹s 10,000 nobles be present at court everyday for  ³role. ² These 5,00 nobles were those who were thought to pose the most risk to Louis XIV ¹s absolutism. Louis reputedly said to these nobles  ³If I cannot see you [at court], you do not exist. ² As a result, the nobles spent much time at Versailles and were unable to get into any  ³political mis...

Racism in the UK workplace and its affect on managers Essay

Racism in the UK workplace and its affect on managers - Essay Example Further, the paper will discuss how managers respond to the issue of racism and the skills used to solve racism in work place in United Kingdom. The human resources department cannot control the managers on what they do. Human resource mainly monitors employment practices to in the entire company cases of discrimination are monitored by the human resource. Racial discrimination in workplace affects managers in different ways for example an individual may be discriminated in workplace and later lawsuit to be the next thing. This normally happen when there is an evidence that a company is discriminating the minority group in a company against the white employees causing such a firm to be sued and thus heavy fine is imposed to the company (Gomez, 2008). The federal government from 1960s has been fighting racism in workplace and if one is discriminated, law that prohibits discrimination will lead to the manager being fired thus affecting the company progress. The work output where racism exists is low since competence is not used as the basis to improve the company output thus making the managers to be under pressure since the managers want high quality production and increased output of the products. If problem persist, it will lead to the company being unable to carry the daily transactions thus the manager’s capability to control and manage to be questioned. Racism usually leads to the company using more resources like fund to hire competent people from other organizations leading to increased expenditure in the company. This will mean the company will rely on other sources of production despite having employees in the company (Bonnett, 2000). The responsibility to explain the expenditure can make the manager to be demoted or even being fired since one is not able to lead the employees. Racism will cause those employees who are innovative not to present the ideas to the

System analysis and design course. Tools analysis and evaluation Term Paper

System analysis and design course. Tools analysis and evaluation - Term Paper Example The companies on the other hand are required to innovate on a consistent basis to remain alive in the competition of winning notable percentage of market share. The employees are needed to brush on their creativity as they have to develop new products and services in order to keep their jobs in the practical world. The organizational charts have been modified to add another department that goes by the name of Research and Development or New Product Development Department. The unit is added so that new offerings can be developed by allowing people to think out of the box. The prototypes of new products are developed and tested at a small scale by R&D and upon meeting success; these ideas are produced at vast level. The modern organizational philosophy requires the management to manage more than one research projects so that probability of developing a new offering can be significantly enhanced. The following organizational chart is sporting a separate Research Department that operates under the direct supervision of top management. Ideally, all project managers are expected to report directly to the top management and duplicity of command is avoided at all costs. The duplicity of command is avoided in order to give people confidence to think in a nontraditional fashion. The hierarchy chart highlights the relationships between various organizational levels. The featured change in the organizational structure was necessary because the companies in all industry had been faced with the challenge and need of housing innovation in order to cope with changing external environment. The Marketing and Sales or Administration department is asked to run PESTLE Analysis and Customer Preference Survey in order to evaluate the level of change in the external environment. The data is processed and new products are developed in the light of findings. The existing designs are modified and made more

Planning for Long Term Wealth Creation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Planning for Long Term Wealth Creation - Essay Example Before borrowing to invest in the stock market, Albert and Nancy should first build an investment plan that clearly documents their retirement goals of savings and income. After identifying the level of income and savings that they require for their retirement goals, the couple can then develop several investment strategies that are potentially adequate in achieving these goals over time, using the principles of risk management to differentiate the advantages and disadvantages of each strategy. In summary, the couple should schedule meetings with a number of financial professionals and discuss the investment options available for achieving their retirement goals to compare advice and strategies in different stocks, bonds, and commodity investments. Once this information has been gathered, they should study each recommendation given by the financial advisors and make a final decision on an investment plan they are comfortable with dedicating their income to over the next 20 years. One serious concern that the couple must consider when contemplating taking a home equity loan for investment in a retirement fund is the rate of interest that they will pay on the initial sum and how that rate compares to expected stock market returns. For example, HSBC and UBank are both offering home equity loans at a 6.79% interest rate in Australia currently. (InfoChoice, 2011) The consumer inflation rate has average between 3.33% and 3.6% in Australia in 2011. (RateInflation, 2011) Therefore, Albert and Nancy would have to average over 10% returns in the stock market every year just to cover the costs of the loan repayment plus inflation. While $125,000 is a strong deposit into an initial self-managed superfund account, the couple will need to understand that upon investment in a single company or diversified portfolio of stock holdings, there is no guarantee that future returns will match or exceed the rate of interest plus inflation. Nevertheless, the home equity investment can be seen as beneficial for the couple if they can easily afford the home payment over time without significant stress in the household budget. Since the couple is paying a higher rate of interest on the car, personal loan, and credit cards than on the home equity loan, at a comparison of 15.5% to 17% vs. 6.79%, the best initial use of the home equity loan would be to clear the personal debt. Then, the income that was previously being dedicated to loan and credit card payments can be set aside for investment each month in equities, bonds, and precious metals. Thus, the couple would do best by first retiring the personal debt at a sum of $32,000, and then keeping the credit card purchases at a minimal level. In this manner, the couple should be able to free up $900 to $1000 each month to invest into their self-managed super-annuity fund. In dedicating $32,000 of the $125,000 home equity loan to clearing the personal debt, the couple established a means to dedicate an extra $900 to $10 00 every month to their retirement fund. However, when compared to their retirement goals of achieving self-sufficient income in old age, even an initial investment of $93,000 in the self-managed super-annuity fund plus the monthly contributions at the rate of $900 to $1000 per month would not be sufficient to meet their goals. Part of the reason for this is inflation, which operates in the manner of compounded interest. Considering the couple has a $100,000

The Virgin And The Gypsy, D.H. Lawrence

The Virgin And The Gypsy, D.H. Lawrence The novel The Virgin and the Gypsy was found in France after David Herbert Lawrences death in 1930. Immediately recognized as a masterpiece in which Lawrence had distilled and purified his ideas about sexuality and morality, The Virgin and the Gypsy has become a classic and is one of Lawrences most electrifying short novels. It has been published as it was found, which was probably incomplete. The story has some rough edges that undoubtedly would have been smoothed with more rewriting. The book raises interesting questions about what love, proper behavior, and life are all about. In this book, Lawrence is in usual top form in describing the longing of a young girl, a virgin, for the slightly unconventional. Her vision of her future being a stayed and commonplace marriage to one of the local boys of character and money, she longs for something else before that fate befalls her. She does find that love, very much by accident. She comes across a Gypsy and she falls deeply and viscerally in love with him. Yet, she is coy and she is proper about it. Although she badly wishes to be with him, she understands the potential scandal of such a union. Her father being one that is a non-believer, despite his position as the rector; she sees his revulsion for those things of the body. The rectors wife had left him for an impoverished boy. She sought something the rector just could not provide to her. Even though she was his everything, he was not able to make her feel the love she wished deeply even to her bones. Her daughter too felt that there was more than just the future she envisioned. She felt that it was not a matter that could be ignored. It was a matter that had to be satisfied and soon. But how to do so, without being seen as a prostitute by her own family; that was the mystery and the beauty of the book. Finally, amongst a great flood and terror that is more frightful than can be imagined, she finds herself with the Gypsy in her own bedroom, safe from the outside world of people because of the isolation and protection afforded by an unanticipated flood. Here she makes the passionate love to him that she had heretofore only dreamed about. Here she becomes a woman, and becomes a lover at the same time. As always, Lawrence fills the text with serious metaphor and memory. He uses symbolism, systematically revealing the undercurrents of his characters huge love and anticipation with thinly veiled double entendres and images. This book is specifically recommended for Lawrence readers, but in addition, the book is highly recommended to those seeking love and those fulfilled in love. The gypsy represents her free-born will, which separates her from the rest of the Saywells. He is an outsider, on an old, old war-path against such as herself . . . Yes, if she belonged to any side, and to any clan, it was to his. Under the influence of the absent mother, an adulterous couple she encounters, and the defiant gypsy who endures in opposition, Yvette is forced into a confrontation with her sneering father-a confrontation that brings out his hidden evil and self-righteousness. Both The Virgin and the Gypsy and That Evening Sun deal with characters who are social outsiders living under social restrictions. The Virgin and the Gypsy is a picture of the social climate in England. Characters like Cynthia, the Eastwoods and the gipsies are affected by social snobbery. That Evening Sun is the portrayal of Nancy, a black woman, who struggles against racism. The outsiders from these selections are physically, emotionally, and socially isolated. Social isolation affects the characters in The Virgin and the Gypsy and That Evening Sun. Nancy experiences social rejection from both society and from the family she works for. She is discriminated for being black and is shown no respect in society. There is also the factor of generational prejudice in the family Nancy works for. The mother is passing on their racial prejudice to their children who will carry on a racist attitude forever. The children uses phrases like scairder than niggers(199) as an insult conveying their disrespect of the black culture. The gipsies are isolated from society because they are different. They lead a different lifestyle and act as individuals. Society describes gipsies as pagan pariahs(36), non-Christians and outcasts. Restrictions are placed on people like the gipsies that create a social scale and rank people accordingly. This novel is very intriguing and teaches lessons of morality, religion, and of life and death intended for those with imagination and insight. The authors style contributes deeply to the intrigue and true meaning to this novel. The authors use of imagery makes tensions in the story vivid and emphatic. In this story there is a re-occurring tension between religion and desire. The tension between religion and desire is most clearly demonstrated between the characters of Yvette and the rector. Yvette was brought up in a world of religious conventions and beliefs, an environment of forgiveness, love, and morality. This world is later realized to truly be a world of repression towards all feelings of passion and desire; not the environment of forgiveness, love, and morality Yvette and the readers are lead to believe. This starts the conflict between religion and desire, and confuses Yvette greatly because her religious upbringing denies and contradicts all her natural instincts of love, passion, and sexuality. The rector and Yvette do not share the same understanding of love. They are both very different in their thoughts and ex pressions, of what love is. The narrator in the story tells us what the rector thinks of Cynthia, his lost wife. He describes her as the pure white snow-flower (p.6) and expresses that her husband thought of her on inaccessible heightsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦that she was throned in lone splendor aloft their lives, never to be touched (p.7) This would have the reader believe that Cynthia is considered in the rectors eyes to be like god not bodily in his life. At another point in the novel the narrator informs the reader that the rector believes Cynthia to be sacred and that she was enshrined in his heart, as if she were a religious idol, never simply expressing any love or desire for his lost wife. Its like the rector has moral religious love for his lost wife, and not passion or desire, like

“Hooray for the Underdog!” Essay -- Social Issues, Bullying

No one wants to be called an underdog. The emotional and feelings that comes when you keeo on trying. Being challenged as an underdog amongst peers, family members, even strangers, can have a long lasting effect for someone social being. Being casted as someone who can not measure up to any particular goal or ambitions, usually that person enters a stage of melancholy and loneliness. SHORTEN IT!!! Ever been dubbed the underdog? A society of called the United States of America was claimed to be the underdog from the old world However what happens if the station change and it was not an individual situation, but it’s was predicated on an entire nation? Usually underdogs never have the support to help their ideas and view to be noticed. One author took one this a underdog, America and showed how democracy in a new world can change society into a radical society of equality. When we are being bullied, it’s always nice to have someone to stick up for us during our time of need. Usually we do have someone who cares enough to stand up for us, but Sometimes that doesn’t not happen and we’re left alone to defend for ourselves. And we look to our own inner strength to build up our crushes ego. But, imagine, that the bullying was presented in a larger scale? Imagine the victim was a state, how would reactions play out? In Tocqueville’s Democracy in America, that sort of bullying was taking place. But as individuals would inattentively hurt one another, no, this is was a attack on a America and its citizens, such as the Puritans and the liberal democracy of the America. Tocqueville was sent to view the supposed faulty political system of America, but One that was looked upon hastily was the American Puritans ( add more) ... ...uotes) In the long run, this political behaviour (if not changed) can lead up to many problems in regards to building state to state relationships in the future. when trying to build relationship in between, and using prejudices to segregate as a way to keep only harm alliances. A democratic political system can look scary on the outside, but in the long run the system can improve, but only as its followers want to make their system into a better place. Tocqueville was right in standing up for America because he had the experience and the knowledge that citizens from the mother land did not. In truth, his main focus in the end was to show that America was more happier, peaceful, and hold teh keys to allow democradcy to build and expand to freedom for all.

Hamlet vs Gladiator essay Essay

When watching the movie Gladiator, one might notice how very similar this story is to the Shakespearean play, Hamlet. In Gladiator the main character seeks vengeance for the loss of his son and wife, as does Hamlet for the loss of his father. The vengeance sought out in Gladiator is a result of treachery involving loved ones as is the vengeance sought out in hamlet. Finally, both Hamlet and Gladiator are examples of dramatic tragedy where the main character ends up dying. Along with these similarities there are also many differences. There are the difference in characters, the difference in when these stories take place, and the difference in the endings. By comparing and contrasting a modern tragedy, Gladiator, with an ancient tragedy, Hamlet, it shows why dramatic tragedy has survived throughout the ages. In the beginning of Hamlet King Hamlet’s ghost pays a visit to Prince Hamlet. The ghost tells Hamlet that while â€Å"sleeping in [his] orchard, a serpent stung [him].† He then tells Hamlet â€Å"the serpent that did sting thy father’s life now wears his crown.† Hamlet, who already suspected his father’s death to be murder, is furious upon learning that it was not only murder, it was his father’s uncle that committed the act of treachery. In a rage of fury Hamlet swears to the ghost of his father that he will seek vengeance on Claudius, for his sake and that of his father’s. This is very similar in Gladiator when Commodus kills his father, the Roman Emperor, Marcus Aurelius. Maximus, a Roman General, was very close with Marcus who told Maximus â€Å"he [was] the son [he] should have had†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and wanted Maximus to carry on as Emperor instead of his son Commodus. Maximus seeks vengeance on Commodus not only for murdering Marcus, but also because he murdered Maximum’s wife and eight-year-old son. In both cases Claudius and Commadus wanted to reign, to have power; in both cases they were not meant to have it. Hamlet was the â€Å"heir to the throne,† and Aurelius wanted Maximus to take his place as emperor. Both Claudius and Commadus wanted power so badly, that they killed in order to get what they wanted. ———————————————————————————————– These stories are both similar in treachery because the men that they had trusted and confided in had murdered them. Claudius betrayed his brother by poisoning him then marrying his wife; Commadus betrayed his father by suffocating him after learning Aurelius did not want his only son to rule. Another example of the similarities between these two stories is that Hamlet and Maximus both had to change themselves in order to seek their vengeance. They both went from being looked highly upon in society, to being looked down on. Hamlet fooled people by acting like he was crazy. This way his stepfather could not suspect Hamlet of knowing that he had murdered Hamlet’s father. Following the death of Emperor Marcus Aurelius, Maximus finds himself an enemy of the new Emperor Commadus. He is reduced to the status of a slave and eventually falls into the hands of a gladiator trainer. He then begins to forge a new life for himself as a ruthless killing machine that entertains the fickle crowd, as the behind-the-scenes politics of second century Rome stand to make him a hero of the people. By fighting as a gladiator he seek revenge on the new Emperor of Rome. Hamlet and Maximus want to avenge those who have been killed so badly that they undergo obstacles with courage and their heads high as well as they both risking their lives for what they believe in. Throughout Hamlet, one might also notice they have taken similar ideas from â€Å"Hamlet† and used them to help make their story a (better one). Towards the beginning of the story before Aurelius is killed, Commadus tells the senators that â€Å"they’ll be pouring honey potion in people’s ears†¦Ã¢â‚¬  in order to make the country republic. What is similar is that Claudius poured â€Å"potion† into King Hamlet’s ear, in order to kill him. Another moment in Gladiator that makes you think of Hamlet is towards the end when Commodus tells his nephew, Lucius, about their ancestor Emperor Claudius. He tells Lucius that â€Å"[Claudius] was betrayed! By those closest to him†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This is similar to Hamlet because Gertrude betrays Claudius and Lucilla betrays Commodus. This is ironic because both Claudius and Commodus betrayed loved ones in order to gain power. Along with these similarities there are also many differences. For instance Hamlet was born a prince while Maximus was the general for Aurelius’s army. Also King Hamlet was killed by his brother and Aurelius was killed by his son, and Hamlet’s mother dies in the end while Commadus’ sister survives. The main difference, however, is in the end of these stories. In Hamlet, he never lets on to Claudius that he knows how his father died. Instead he acts as if he is crazy. It is not until a theatrical group re-enacts how King Hamlet was murdered that Claudius realises that Hamlet knows†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. In Gladiator, as soon as Maximus sees Commadus in the Coliseum he tells Commadus that he will kill him for the murders he has committed. In the end Maximus kills Commadus while all of Rome watches this form of â€Å"entertainment† take place. Maximus, badly wounded dies soon after giving the Empire to the senators to become republic. Even though these two stories have their differences, they are both dramatic tragedies. The emotion that a tragic character portrays helps us to relate and become more entranced with the story. Up until the heroes have died they have got to know that person. They have understood the character, their motivations, and reactions. When they die, they have died courageously for what they have believed in. In life we are always looking for an â€Å"idol† hero-worshipping. Our fascination for dramatic tragedy has survived throughout the years because man in his inadequate ways needs to have someone whom they can look up to, so to speak. Lets face it we are often intrigued by human suffering especially if it is for noble causes. People often carry the same beliefs as these leaders, and fully support them. These heroes are the epitome of what we believe in, willing to die for causes. We love to believe that someone is willing to go to that extent for our beliefs. Their deaths often accomplish what could not be done while they were alive. This is illustrated when Maximus says â€Å"what we do in life, echoes in eternity.† The similarities and differences in Hamlet and Gladiator are what help make dramatic tragedies survive through the ages. However, it is not only in movies or plays, it is also in real life. These heroes have died for what they believed in and have made a difference in our lives. It gives us strength to face the world we live in today, and it gives us understanding as to why these leaders are fighting. This is why dramatic tragedies have survived throughout the ages, and this is why they will continue to survive for years to come.

Antigone- Tragic Hero or Heroine essays

Antigone- Tragic Hero or Heroine essays In the play Antigone, Sophocles portrays a tragic hero and a heroine through the two characters, Creon and Antigone. According to the nature and concept of the Greek Tragedy and what it means to be a tragic character, it becomes clear that Creon is indeed the tragic hero, a character of high rank who through his own fault causes his downfall, whereas Antigone is looked upon as a heroine, whom the audiences sympathize and admire. Creon became the king of Thebes, after his two nephews, Eteocles and Polynices, killed each other over the throne. Antigone is Creons niece, who happened to be his future daughter in law. Both presented moral values, differing on the situation they were applied. Antigones actions regarding the burial of her brother, Polyneices, reflected fidelity, respect upon the religious tradition and the gods laws. Creons actions toward the people reflected honesty and equal treatment upon the laws he made, but his stubborn and narrow-minded pride cause him to become a tragic figure of Antigone. Creon is a tragic hero because of he comes from the highest level of the social status; he is neither perfect nor ultimate evil, according to the definition of a tragic hero. By being the king of Thebes, he is a position of great power, nobility, responsibility, and influence. He occupies some sense of morality and an excellent ruler; he punishes the wrong and rewards the good: "But whoever proves his loyalty to the state, I'll prize that man in death as well as life" (Sophocles 171). But his choice of punishment, refusing and demanding that nobody is allowed to bury Polynieces's body does not achieve his moral values, and yet he dishonors the gods' laws. Creons main tragic flaw is his pride, and his arrogance in the face of the immortals; he committed the mistake since the beginning of the tragedy by denying the fundamental divine right of Polynices burial. The fact that Creon persists in hi...

Large Electrical Appliances Essays

Large Electrical Appliances Essays Large Electrical Appliances Essay Large Electrical Appliances Essay John Lewis offers a second year free on all White Goods. This is one of the extra services that distinguishes John Lewis above other stores. This was something that was decided centrally and is offered by all Large Electrical departments in all stores in the partnership.  When customers come into the department it is usually for two reasons. They are the high level of service that they have become accustomed to and the free two-year guarantee that is offered. The guarantee covers a number of things including accidental damage, loss of frozen food, and mechanical failure with an appliance. The guarantee starts from the date of purchase, which is where we have problems with customers. Delivery is never possible on the same day the order is placed and many customers question the fact that they are losing out on time of the Two year guarantee. Unfortunately there is no way around this problem. The Customer Service Manager is trained to deal with complaint and explains to the customer that the problem lies with the insurance company John Lewis uses, Landmark as that is the date that is printed on the bill. Changes with this could be made to print the delivery date on the bill. I have been assured by the manager of the Large Electrical that this is a point that has been raised at Head Office. He also said that customers do leave the department after having brought up the point as the CSM point out that they do have the customers best interest at heart as they offer the extra years guarantee in the first place. I was also told that the CSM explains to the customer, if a problem arose with the machine in the time gap that isnt covered in the two years something can usually be worked out with the customer. These are just a few examples of how Customer service strategies are used in the Large Electrical Department to ensue that customers are happy with the service that they receive from John Lewis. They also highlight that even with these strategies there are problems that need to be addressed for perfect customer services.  These new strategies in the department have helped the department to meet its own objective in a number of ways. The Large Electrical Department has set a number of its own objectives so that is has its own targets to meet. These objectives are:- To provide an efficient service to our customers  To provide a reliable service to our customers  To provide a knowledgeable service to our customers  The Ticketing System  The new ticketing system has proved to be very successful with both the customers and the Selling Partners in the department. This has been noticed by the Customer Service Manager from comments he has received from customers after having been served in the department. Comments from the Partners show that they also like the system as they feel that it is less stressful as the department is more orderly. This system helps the department to run more efficiently as it is clear exactly who is the next customer to be served. It also means that the right Partners with the correct knowledge serve the correct people.  This does however raise the question of why dont all the partners have the full extensive knowledge on all the products and systems in the department. This is one of the Partnerships objectives and by showing that staff arent able to deal with all the customers that come into the department. Customer care is good as the Customer Service Manager links the suitable Selling Partner to the customer. This would be even better if all staff were able to deal with the customers. This makes it clear that not all the employees have the thorough training stated in the Partnerships aims. This is a point that needs to looked into to improve performance.  Telesales  As with the ticketing system the introduction of the telesales department has been a major success and has relieved the Large Electrical Department of some of the pressure that can build up during busy times. This new initiative has meant that the department is making more money as more sales are being made because staff in the shop can deal with a larger percentage of people that come into the department rather than some customers walking off because they cant get served. The telesales team can also deal with a large number of people. The new telesales also means that John Lewis has entered a new market, the home shopping market, making John Lewis services available to more people. Such people include professionals who dont have time to go out on shopping trip because of the busy lives they lead. As noted earlier there are some areas where changes need to be made in order for Telesales to run more effectively for the Large Electrical Department. Telesales Partners should also be trained in product knowledge instead of just systems training. At the moment staff on Telesales are able to place orders for customers but cant actually advise and help the customer choose what appliance is best suited for them. Once again this brings up the question of why arent partners being trained to multi task? By allowing this sort of training the partnerships aims would be met more effectively.  Computerised Ordering System  So far in the time that the computerised ordering system has been in operation there havent been any major problems with Partners getting to grip with the system as it is a fairly user friendly. The name of the system is Customer Service Net and it provides just that, good customer services. The customer can see exactly what is being done for instance the information that the partner puts into the system as the order is being placed. This minimizes the chance of mistakes being made which were fairly common with the old ordering format. It also means that delivery areas have become much wider for the branch as the Large Electrical Department can delivery the goods via other branches using the system. This has helped the department meet another of the objectives that the Partnership has set.  The amount of paperwork has also decreased so after the customer has left the department the selling partner can move straight onto serving the next customer. This means that customers arent waiting as long to be served, and are happy as the whole process of buying goods from this department is easier.